建设用地土壤环境信息公示平台

清华大学侯德义团队Water Research：纳米塑料通过间接置换促进土壤砷的淋溶

发布：建设用地土壤公示平台发布日期：2022-10-14 阅读数：2240

<blockquote style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 4px 0px 0px 10px; border-left: 3px solid rgb(219, 219, 219); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); line-height: 1.6; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【易修复云学堂】全域国土综合整治与生态修复系列公益课堂第五十一期 就要开讲啦！侯德义教授主讲的“我国工业场地地下水污染治理与风险管控的挑战与机遇”，今日进行直播，敬请关注！ </span></strong></p></section></blockquote><p><br/></p><section><section><section><section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/h8WW7N8kAVRQDbkHa1Eia43fLziatL4rHjt4r7LjEIXsIRWJiaxH4xHYYecicpDLG1YYSy2LN6glrEibagibPicWqoI5Q/640?wx_fmt=png&wx_co=1&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1"/></p><section><br/></section><section><section><section><section><p style="padding: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">01.论文ID</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">论文原名：</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Nanoplastic stimulates metalloid leaching from historically contaminated soil via indirect displacement</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">论文译名：</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纳米塑料通过间接置换促进金属从历史染污土壤中淋溶</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">共同第一作者：</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">清华大学 高静 博士后</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">清华大学 王刘炜 博士研究生</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">通讯作者：</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">清华大学 侯德义教授</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">发表期刊：</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Water Research</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">发表时间：</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2022年6月</span></p><p style="margin: 5px 8px; padding: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">全文网页链接：</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 5px 8px; padding: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118468">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118468</a> </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="padding: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">导读</span></p></section></section><section><p style="padding: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">农业、工业、交通多源输入造成我国严峻的土壤重金属和微纳米塑料复合污染现状。对于土壤复合污染的迁移转化过程，一个值得探究的问题是：1+1等于2（互不影响）、大于2（共迁移增加风险）、还是小于2（稳定化降低风险）？尽管现有研究在纯液相体系中开展了良多重金属与微纳米塑料的吸附实验，但是，在真实土壤多孔介质中，与固相颗粒紧密结合的重金属和纳米塑料之间是否存在相互作用、进而改变各自的环境行为，是一个尚未明确的命题。</span></p><br/><p style="padding: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本研究以聚苯乙烯纳米微球与在我国西南矿区采集到的砷镉复合污染土壤为研究对象，探究了淋溶作用下历史染污土壤（historically contaminated soil）中纳米塑料与砷、镉的相互作用。前人研究基于纯液相体系的吸附实验，大多认为纳米塑料通过直接吸附促进重金属溶出迁移；在这一假设下，带负电的纳米塑料应促进带正电的金属阳离子浸出。然而，本研究发现纳米塑料促进了含氧酸根阴离子砷的溶出、却对阳离子镉的溶出没有显著影响。基于这一关键发现，研究提出了间接置换模型：带负电的纳米塑料与砷争夺土壤结合位点，因此通过竞争作用促进砷的溶出。此模型为研究土壤中微纳米塑料与重金属的相互作用提供了理论和模型基础，对复合污染的风险管控提供了新的科学认识。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><br/></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><p style="padding: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">02.主要研究成果</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.带负电的纳米塑料促进了土壤中含氧酸根阴离子As的溶出</span></strong></p><section><br/></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本研究对矿区采集得到的历史染污土壤开展了柱迁移淋溶实验，探究带负电的聚苯乙烯纳米塑料存在时，砷、镉在模拟降雨作用下的淋溶浸出规律。如图1所示，不论老化与否，纳米塑料对土壤阳离子污染物Cd的释放均无显著影响；但纳米塑料明显增强了含氧酸根阴离子As的释放，且高浓度的紫外老化纳米塑料呈现出最明显的促进作用。经多次模拟淋溶（大于250 pore volume），与对照组相比，As的释放比例从3.4%（相较于土壤砷元素总浓度）增至20.7%。这一发现与静电作用理论得到的直觉相违背。进一步地，提出了间接置换理论。</span></p></section><section><section><section><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/h8WW7N8kAVRQDbkHa1Eia43fLziatL4rHjicY0WEODLx8oOyL2icXSQFlvhquECFEQVLJDWlKz0EdzODxxjeguxhbg/640?wx_fmt=png&wx_co=1&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1"/></p></section><section><section><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.5px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图1. 聚苯乙烯纳米塑料对土壤中Cd（a）和As（b）释放的影响，表明间接置换（c）是促进土壤金属释放的主要原因。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><br/></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2. 间接置换模型</span></strong></p><section><br/></section><p style="margin: 5px 8px; padding: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">通过理论推导，构建基于土壤中纳米塑料与金属相互作用的间接置换模型：</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">p为土壤中纳米塑料附着点位的比例， k<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">att</sub>和k<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">esc</sub>分别代表附着因子和逃逸因子，公式（1）代表某一土壤剖面中纳米塑料附着和逃逸之间的平衡状态，k<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">att</sub>p(1-p)代表附着过程，此过程与空点位和纳米塑料数量呈正比，而k<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">esc</sub>p代表逃逸过程。</span></p></section><section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/h8WW7N8kAVRQDbkHa1Eia43fLziatL4rHjBVGXW0uZ5HTsUgcDGB6UHxZuHsbibNdJGdDgHEbZlEicxdck3IO7ZnTA/640?wx_fmt=png&wx_co=1&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1"/></p></section><section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">经过进一步推导，得出（2）式，即p的平衡值，代表纳米塑料促进金属释放的能力。</span></p></section><section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/h8WW7N8kAVRQDbkHa1Eia43fLziatL4rHj7UTbfvrKBiaJqzvRwDUhqq2F6Yicr9iaFYwZuW9vsic56tQM3cYEDLzDvw/640?wx_fmt=png&wx_co=1&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1"/></p></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">间接置换模型能够很好地刻画聚苯乙烯纳米塑料对砷的强化淋溶作用（图2）。</span></p><section><section><section><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/h8WW7N8kAVRQDbkHa1Eia43fLziatL4rHjpHVqDibicRMozX40yrfPdhQXcicn03NfgicqLEaCz0kX61ZNmQEdSDlPibw/640?wx_fmt=png&wx_co=1&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1"/></p></section><section><section><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.5px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图2 间接置换模型拟合结果。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.5px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3. 微观机制探究</span></strong></p><section><br/></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">研究发现，土壤孔隙水中的纳米塑料倾向于与土壤颗粒形成异质团聚体，而不是在水中形成团聚体，这是通过竞争位点实现间接置换的前提。如图3所示，纳米塑料间的总能垒高度（ϕ<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">m</sub>,<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> NP- NP</sub>）显著高于纳米塑料-土壤（ϕ<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">m</sub>, <sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">NP- soil</sub>），表明纳米塑料倾向于沉积于土壤颗粒。根据XDLVO理论的计算，当达到最大能垒时，老化前后的纳米塑料间分离距离（d<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">m</sub>,<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">NP- NP</sub>）均小于纳米塑料-土壤（d<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">m</sub>,<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">NP- soil</sub>），当分离距离小于d<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">m</sub>,<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">NP- soil</sub>时纳米塑料会沉积于土壤表面，随着纳米塑料进入土壤，在间接置换过程中p值逐渐增加，分离距离更趋近于d<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">m</sub>,<sub style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">NP- soil</sub>，因此纳米塑料的增强释放表现出滞后效应。</span></p></section><section><section><section><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/h8WW7N8kAVRQDbkHa1Eia43fLziatL4rHjGbcXh3LwRxFnLRcftmRlKib32L9FuSc6WlAW4ejZuTRiag950dQjSZQg/640?wx_fmt=png&wx_co=1&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1"/></p></section><section><section><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.5px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图3 XDLVO理论计算老化前后纳米塑料之间和纳米塑料-土壤的聚集特征变化，（c）老化前纳米塑料之间，（d）老化后纳米塑料之间，（e）老化前纳米塑料与土壤，（f）老化后纳米塑料与土壤。LW、EL和AB分别代表范德华力、静电相互作用和Lewis酸碱相互作用。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.5px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4. 直接证据</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></span></strong></p></section><section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); letter-spacing: 0.5px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">采用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）与计算机X射线微断层扫描成像（μCT）发现了间接置换的直接证据。如图4所示，单一/多个纳米塑料颗粒可以直接附着于土壤表面。比较对照组与高浓度纳米塑料处理组发现，土壤流动通道未发生显著变化，同样支持间接置换机理，即纳米塑料只附着在土壤有效位点上，而没有在土壤孔隙水中形成团聚体堵塞流道。</span></p></section><section><section><section><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/h8WW7N8kAVRQDbkHa1Eia43fLziatL4rHjOQnZiat2G57ydRLJU0QbZyZiaT32hqxPJ01gQRXk41dGIFXZsLm6icXzA/640?wx_fmt=png&wx_co=1&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1"/></p></section><section><section><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.5px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图4 通过FESEM与μCT分析探究间接置换的直接证据。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); letter-spacing: 0.5px; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">文章来源： 污染土壤地下水修复GSR实验室</span></p></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><p><br/></p>

清华大学侯德义团队Water Research：纳米塑料通过间接置换促进土壤砷的淋溶 返回

清华大学侯德义团队Water Research：纳米塑料通过间接置换促进土壤砷的淋溶